下面来谈谈notification，这个notification一般用在电话，短信，邮件，闹钟铃声，在手机的状态栏上就会出现一个小图标，提示用户处理这个快讯，这时手从上方滑动状态栏就可以展开并处理这个快讯。发现这个功能特别好用，所以我就根据我的理解来谈谈。摘自帮助文档 :notification类表示一个持久的通知，将提交给用户使用NotificationManager。已添加的Notification.Builder，使其更容易构建通知。notification是一种让你的应用程序在没有开启情况下或在后台运行警示用户。它是看不见的程序组件(Broadcast Receiver，Service和不活跃的Activity)警示用户有需要注意的事件发生的最好途径。
先来区分以下状态栏和状态条的区别：
1、状态条就是手机屏幕最上方的一个条形状的区域；
在状态条有好多信息量：比如usb连接图标，手机信号图标，电池电量图标，时间图标等等；
2、状态栏就是手从状态条滑下来的可以伸缩的view；
在状态栏中一般有两类（使用FLAG_标记）：
（1）正在进行的程序；
（2）是通知事件；
大概来描述创建一个Notification传送的信息有：
1、一个状态条图标；
2、在拉伸的状态栏窗口中显示带有大标题，小标题，图标的信息，并且有处理该点击事件：比如调用该程序的入口类；
3、闪光，LED，或者震动；
快速创建一个Notification的步骤简单可以分为以下四步：
第一步：通过getSystemService（）方法得到NotificationManager对象；
第二步：对Notification的一些属性进行设置比如：内容，图标，标题，相应notification的动作进行处理等等；
第三步：通过NotificationManager对象的notify（）方法来执行一个notification的快讯；
第四步：通过NotificationManager对象的cancel（）方法来取消一个notificatioin的快讯；
下面对Notification类中的一些常量，字段，方法简单介绍一下：
常量：
DEFAULT_ALL使用所有默认值，比如声音，震动，闪屏等等
DEFAULT_LIGHTS使用默认闪光提示
DEFAULT_SOUNDS使用默认提示声音
DEFAULT_VIBRATE使用默认手机震动
【说明】：加入手机震动，一定要在manifest.xml中加入权限：
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
以上的效果常量可以叠加,即通过
mNotifaction.defaults =DEFAULT_SOUND|DEFAULT_VIBRATE ;
或mNotifaction.defaults |=DEFAULT_SOUND(最好在真机上测试，震动效果模拟器上没有)
//设置flag位
FLAG_AUTO_CANCEL该通知能被状态栏的清除按钮给清除掉
FLAG_NO_CLEAR该通知能被状态栏的清除按钮给清除掉
FLAG_ONGOING_EVENT通知放置在正在运行
FLAG_INSISTENT是否一直进行，比如音乐一直播放，知道用户响应
常用字段：
contentIntent设置PendingIntent对象，点击时发送该Intent
defaults添加默认效果
flags设置flag位，例如FLAG_NO_CLEAR等
icon设置图标
sound设置声音
tickerText显示在状态栏中的文字
when发送此通知的时间戳
Notification.build构造Notification方法介绍：
void setLatestEventInfo(Context context , CharSequencecontentTitle,CharSequencecontentText,PendingIntent contentIntent)
功能： 显示在拉伸状态栏中的Notification属性，点击后将发送PendingIntent对象
参数： context上下文环境
contentTitle状态栏中的大标题
contentText状态栏中的小标题
contentIntent点击后将发送PendingIntent对象
说明：要是在Notification中加入图标，在状态栏和状态条中显示图标一定要用这个方法，否则报错！
最后说一下NotificationManager类的常用方法：
通过获取系统服务来获取该对象：
NotificationManager mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(Context.NOTIFICATION_SERVICE) ;
NotificationManager常用方法介绍：
publicvoid cancelAll()移除所有通知 (只是针对当前Context下的Notification)
publicvoid cancel(int id)移除标记为id的通知 (只是针对当前Context下的所有Notification)
publicvoid notify(String tag ,int id, Notification notification) 将通知加入状态栏, 标签为tag，标记为id
publicvoid notify(int id, Notification notification)将通知加入状态栏,，标记为id
下面看一下demo的效果图：
图（1）图（2）
图（3）图（4）
图（5）
源码奉上：
在NotificationApp工程里面：
一、在com.cn.notification.daming包下面NotificationMainActivity.java中的代码：
www.2cto.com
package com.cn.notification.daming;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.media.RingtoneManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class NotificationMainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private Button setNotificationSoundBtn = null;
private Button showNotificatioBtn = null;
private Button cancelNotificationBtn = null;
private Intent mIntent = null;
private PendingIntent mPendingIntent = null;
private Notification mNotification = null;
private NotificationManager mNotificationManager = null;
private static final int NOTIFICATION_STATE = 1;
private static final int RINGTONE_PICKED = 2;
private Uri notifiSounds = null;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
setNotificationSoundBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button0);
setNotificationSoundBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
showNotificatioBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
showNotificatioBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
cancelNotificationBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
cancelNotificationBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
mIntent = new Intent(this, ToNotificationActivity.class);
mPendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, mIntent, 0);
mNotification = new Notification();
}
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
switch(v.getId()){
case R.id.button0:
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
Intent intent = new Intent(RingtoneManager.ACTION_RINGTONE_PICKER);
// Allow user to pick 'Default'
intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_SHOW_DEFAULT, true);
intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_DEFAULT_URI, RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION));
// Show only ringtones
intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_TYPE, RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
// Don't show 'Silent'
intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_SHOW_SILENT, false);
String notifi_sound = sharedPreferences.getString("notification_sounds", null);
if(notifi_sound != null){
intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_EXISTING_URI, Uri.parse(notifi_sound));
}
// Launch!
startActivityForResult(intent, RINGTONE_PICKED);
break;
case R.id.button1:
mNotification.icon = R.drawable.daming;
mNotification.tickerText = "大明ZeroSon Notification";
mNotification.sound = notifiSounds;
mNotification.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_VIBRATE | Notification.DEFAULT_LIGHTS;
mNotification.flags = Notification.FLAG_INSISTENT ;
mNotification.setLatestEventInfo(this, "大明Notification", "This is Daming`s Notification Test!", mPendingIntent);
mNotificationManager.notify(NOTIFICATION_STATE, mNotification);
break;
case R.id.button2:
mNotificationManager.cancel(NOTIFICATION_STATE);
break;
default:break;
}
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit();
if (resultCode != RESULT_OK) {
return;
}
switch (requestCode) {
case RINGTONE_PICKED: {
notifiSounds = data.getParcelableExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_PICKED_URI);
editor.putString("notification_sounds", notifiSounds.toString());
editor.commit();
break;
}
default: break;
}
}
}
package com.cn.notification.daming;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.Notification;
import android.app.NotificationManager;
import android.app.PendingIntent;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.media.RingtoneManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import android.view.View;
import android.view.View.OnClickListener;
import android.widget.Button;
public class NotificationMainActivity extends Activity implements OnClickListener {
private Button setNotificationSoundBtn = null;
private Button showNotificatioBtn = null;
private Button cancelNotificationBtn = null;
private Intent mIntent = null;
private PendingIntent mPendingIntent = null;
private Notification mNotification = null;
private NotificationManager mNotificationManager = null;
private static final int NOTIFICATION_STATE = 1;
private static final int RINGTONE_PICKED = 2;
private Uri notifiSounds = null;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main);
mNotificationManager = (NotificationManager)getSystemService(NOTIFICATION_SERVICE);
setNotificationSoundBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button0);
setNotificationSoundBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
showNotificatioBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button1);
showNotificatioBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
cancelNotificationBtn = (Button)findViewById(R.id.button2);
cancelNotificationBtn.setOnClickListener(this);
mIntent = new Intent(this, ToNotificationActivity.class);
mPendingIntent = PendingIntent.getActivity(this, 0, mIntent, 0);
mNotification = new Notification();
}
public void onClick(View v) {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
switch(v.getId()){
case R.id.button0:
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
Intent intent = new Intent(RingtoneManager.ACTION_RINGTONE_PICKER);
// Allow user to pick 'Default'
intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_SHOW_DEFAULT, true);
intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_DEFAULT_URI, RingtoneManager.getDefaultUri(RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION));
// Show only ringtones
intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_TYPE, RingtoneManager.TYPE_NOTIFICATION);
// Don't show 'Silent'
intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_SHOW_SILENT, false);
String notifi_sound = sharedPreferences.getString("notification_sounds", null);
if(notifi_sound != null){
intent.putExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_EXISTING_URI, Uri.parse(notifi_sound));
}
// Launch!
startActivityForResult(intent, RINGTONE_PICKED);
break;
case R.id.button1:
mNotification.icon = R.drawable.daming;
mNotification.tickerText = "大明ZeroSon Notification";
mNotification.sound = notifiSounds;
mNotification.defaults = Notification.DEFAULT_VIBRATE | Notification.DEFAULT_LIGHTS;
mNotification.flags = Notification.FLAG_INSISTENT ;
mNotification.setLatestEventInfo(this, "大明Notification", "This is Daming`s Notification Test!", mPendingIntent);
mNotificationManager.notify(NOTIFICATION_STATE, mNotification);
break;
case R.id.button2:
mNotificationManager.cancel(NOTIFICATION_STATE);
break;
default:break;
}
}
@Override
protected void onResume() {
super.onResume();
}
@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
SharedPreferences.Editor editor = sharedPreferences.edit();
if (resultCode != RESULT_OK) {
return;
}
switch (requestCode) {
case RINGTONE_PICKED: {
notifiSounds = data.getParcelableExtra(RingtoneManager.EXTRA_RINGTONE_PICKED_URI);
editor.putString("notification_sounds", notifiSounds.toString());
editor.commit();
break;
}
default: break;
}
}
}
二、在com.cn.notification.daming包下面ToNotificationActivity.java中的代码：
package com.cn.notification.daming;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.media.Ringtone;
import android.media.RingtoneManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class ToNotificationActivity extends Activity{
private TextView textview = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main1);
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
textview = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textview);
String notificationsound = sharedPreferences.getString("notification_sounds", null);
if(notificationsound == null){
textview.setText("默认Notification声音");
} else{
Ringtone ringtone =RingtoneManager.getRingtone(ToNotificationActivity.this, Uri.parse(notificationsound));
String title = ringtone.getTitle(ToNotificationActivity.this);
textview.setText(title);
}
}
}
package com.cn.notification.daming;
import android.app.Activity;
import android.content.SharedPreferences;
import android.media.Ringtone;
import android.media.RingtoneManager;
import android.net.Uri;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.preference.PreferenceManager;
import android.widget.TextView;
public class ToNotificationActivity extends Activity{
private TextView textview = null;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.main1);
SharedPreferences sharedPreferences = PreferenceManager.getDefaultSharedPreferences(this);
textview = (TextView)findViewById(R.id.textview);
String notificationsound = sharedPreferences.getString("notification_sounds", null);
if(notificationsound == null){
textview.setText("默认Notification声音");
} else{
Ringtone ringtone =RingtoneManager.getRingtone(ToNotificationActivity.this, Uri.parse(notificationsound));
String title = ringtone.getTitle(ToNotificationActivity.this);
textview.setText(title);
}
}
}
三、在layout下main.xml布局文件的代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button0"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="设置Notification的sounds"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="发送Notification"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="取消Notification"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"
/>
</LinearLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="@string/hello"
android:gravity="center"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button0"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="设置Notification的sounds"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button1"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="发送Notification"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"
/>
<Button
android:id="@+id/button2"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="取消Notification"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"
/>
</LinearLayout>
四、在layout下main1.xml布局文件的代码
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
android:textSize="10pt"
android:text="大明原创"
android:layout_marginTop="10dip"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"
/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textview"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
android:textSize="10pt"
android:layout_marginTop="10dip"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"
/>
</LinearLayout>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:orientation="vertical"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="fill_parent"
>
<TextView
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
android:textSize="10pt"
android:text="大明原创"
android:layout_marginTop="10dip"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"
/>
<TextView
android:id="@+id/textview"
android:layout_width="fill_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:gravity="center"
android:textSize="10pt"
android:layout_marginTop="10dip"
android:layout_marginBottom="10dip"
/>
</LinearLayout>
五、manifest.xml中的代码：
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
package="com.cn.notification.daming"
android:versionCode="1"
android:versionName="1.0">
<uses-sdk android:minSdkVersion="8" />
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.VIBRATE" />
<application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
<activity android:name=".NotificationMainActivity"
android:label="@string/app_name">
<intent-filter>
<action android:name="android.intent.action.MAIN" />
<category android:name="android.intent.category.LAUNCHER" />
</intent-filter>
</activity>
<activity android:name=".ToNotificationActivity"></activity>
</application>
</manifest>
